Project Translated Unfinished Unfinished words Unfinished characters Untranslated Checks Suggestions Comments
36 Questions for SailfishOS 94% 8 19 123 7 0 0 0
3D Slicer 1% 5,624 36,633 246,499 3,058 1,959 0 0
Actual Budget 0% 1,330 7,990 50,637 1,330 0 294 0
Adaptive Lighting 99% 1 51 364 0 0 0 0
allauth 89% 35 222 1,286 11 5 0 0
AlmaLinux Foundation 33% 561 6,151 38,813 561 2 0 0
Amarok-Hider 98% 4 44 331 4 0 0 0
Aniyomi 53% 586 2,300 14,227 586 3 0 0
AntennaPod 92% 66 1,800 11,934 66 0 63 0
Apple Flinger 100% 0 0 0 0 6 0 4
AppStream 35% 504 5,866 36,078 441 23 0 0
appWashNG 0% 77 220 1,277 0 0 0 0
ARandR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arctica Framework 50% 57 572 3,669 56 0 0 0
Aseprite 13% 1,463 4,795 30,527 1,459 2 9 0
AsteroidOS 98% 3 23 142 0 0 0 0
aTox 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Audile 72% 83 410 2,541 83 6 0 0
Audiobookshelf 85% 212 1,046 6,154 212 46 14 0
Aurora Store 93% 32 390 2,427 0 1 0 0
Aves 97% 20 33 177 18 2 0 1
Avogadro 13% 1,570 5,709 38,620 1,382 64 1,556 0
Ayatana Indicators 39% 262 1,525 9,585 243 12 0 0
Belenios 2% 198 1,015 6,004 198 0 0 0
Blanket 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
BleachBit 72% 102 761 4,809 93 6 0 0
blueman 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
bookworm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bottles 95% 31 269 1,843 31 1 0 0
BravePipe 7% 105 333 2,022 105 1 0 0
Breezy Weather 100% 0 0 0 0 2 0 1
Burn-My-Windows 75% 40 89 507 40 0 0 0
Calculator You 17% 237 581 3,779 234 0 0 0
CalyxOS 78% 127 1,127 6,854 107 10 0 0
Captain's Log for SailfishOS 28% 187 987 5,728 178 0 0 0
Cast Kodi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Catima 99% 2 116 803 0 3 0 1
Celluloid 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chocolate 0% 75 176 938 75 0 0 0
CityZen 100% 0 0 0 0 2 0 0
Climate Interactive 1% 2,174 62,573 419,313 2,174 0 0 0
Cloudstream 69% 239 1,064 6,432 212 0 0 0
Collabora Online 69% 457 2,695 23,796 309 118 1 0
Collision 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Commit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Commons App 83% 20 88 623 18 7 0 0
CopyQ 39% 386 1,524 9,520 382 0 0 0
Crosswords 31% 655 5,396 31,042 586 30 0 0
Cuppa 43% 164 2,344 14,277 119 46 0 0
CutefishOS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
CyberOS 100% 0 0 0 0 2 0 0
cygwin-setup 22% 230 1,671 10,639 230 0 1 0
Dashboard for SailfishOS 21% 246 869 5,312 246 0 0 0
Datenanfragen.de 0% 1,066 7,574 47,564 1,066 0 0 0
DawnlightSearch 1% 166 818 6,660 166 0 0 0
Dennik N WordPress 100% 0 0 0 0 114 0 0
Desktop-Cube 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Devtoolbox 2% 440 1,485 9,239 437 0 0 0
Dhizuku 91% 3 101 587 3 0 0 0
Dialect 37% 76 327 2,249 53 7 0 0
Did I Take My Meds? 41% 94 1,323 8,006 93 1 0 0
DivestOS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
django-filter 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
djpdf 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
dnGrep 14% 902 4,091 24,445 806 3 0 0
Download Navi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
EasyEffects 25% 619 4,817 29,619 361 21 0 3
Easy Notes 94% 9 45 235 9 0 0 0
EasySSH 58% 62 183 1,171 56 6 0 0
EduPage 2 99% 1 1 10 1 1 0 0
EFI Boot Editor 39% 523 5,006 36,617 0 0 694 0
ejabberd 44% 344 2,023 12,245 238 36 0 0
Energize 15% 238 2,174 13,684 238 5 0 0
Etar-Calendar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
EteSync 6% 321 1,730 10,901 321 0 0 0
evcc 3% 770 2,601 16,212 770 3 0 0
Exaile 49% 569 2,869 18,562 392 38 0 0
Expenditure for SailfishOS 40% 96 344 2,007 96 0 0 0
Family Gem 100% 0 0 0 0 4 0 0
F-Droid 31% 2,417 15,222 97,392 2,301 59 14 0
Feeder 1% 283 909 5,054 283 0 0 0
FeedFlow 55% 116 616 3,906 115 1 0 0
FeedReader 0% 317 1,375 8,489 317 0 0 0
Feeel 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Fermax 91% 37 184 1,083 24 3 0 0
File Browser for SailfishOS 99% 3 5 36 2 0 0 0
Firefish 73% 513 3,351 20,250 347 74 0 0
FitoTrack 90% 49 1,646 9,861 49 0 0 0
Flameshot 100% 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
FluffyChat 23% 686 3,441 20,497 658 42 0 0
Font Manager 42% 455 2,524 17,663 422 13 0 0
fooyin 12% 1,298 3,428 21,178 1,111 0 0 0
Fossify 89% 231 1,325 8,076 224 7 10 0
FOSS Projects 49% 118 576 3,655 115 1 0 0
Freeplane 76% 595 2,583 16,094 449 53 0 0
FreeTube 58% 415 2,059 13,380 412 0 0 0
Freeyourgadget 16% 3,232 13,711 83,153 3,189 31 0 0
FSearch 22% 222 1,917 12,294 160 23 0 0
Furtherance 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Fyne 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Overview

Language code sk
Aliased language codes sk_sk, sky, slk, slo, svk
English name of the language Slovak
Text direction Left to right
Case sensitivity Case-sensitive
Number of speakers 6,809,719
Plural: Default plural 1272 translations
Number of plurals 3
Plural type One/few/many
Plurals One 1
Few 2, 3, 4
Many 0, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, …
Plural formula (n==1) ? 0 : (n>=2 && n<=4) ? 1 : 2
Plural: gettext plural formula 37 translations
Number of plurals 2
Plural type One/other
Plurals Singular 1
Plural 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, …
Plural formula (n != 1)
Plural: gettext plural formula 18 translations
Number of plurals 3
Plural type Unknown
Plurals Singular 0, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, …
Plural 1
Plural form 2 2, 3, 4
Plural formula (n==1) ? 1 : (n>=2 && n<=4) ? 2 : 0
Plural: gettext plural formula 1 translation
Number of plurals 1
Plural type None
Plurals
Plural formula 0
Plural: gettext plural formula 5 translations
Number of plurals 3
Plural type One/few/many
Plurals One 1, 21, 31, 41, 51, 61, 71, 81, 91, 101, …
Few 2, 3, 4, 22, 23, 24, 32, 33, 34, 42, …
Many 0, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, …
Plural formula (n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n%10<=4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2)
Plural: gettext plural formula 21 translations
Number of plurals 4
Plural type Unknown
Plurals Singular 1
Plural 2, 3, 4
Plural form 2
Plural form 3 0, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, …
Plural formula (n % 1 == 0 && n == 1 ? 0 : n % 1 == 0 && n >= 2 && n <= 4 ? 1 : n % 1 != 0 ? 2: 3)
Plural: CLDR plural with zero 3 translations
Number of plurals 4
Plural type Zero/one/few/other
Plurals Zero 0
One 1
Few 2, 3, 4
Other 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, …
Plural formula n==0 ? 0 : (n==1) ? 1 : (n>=2 && n<=4) ? 2 : 3
Plural: Qt Linguist plural 337 translations
Number of plurals 3
Plural type One/few/many
Plurals One 1
Few 2, 3, 4
Many 0, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, …
Plural formula ((n==1) ? 0 : (n>=2 && n<=4) ? 1 : 2)
28 minutes ago

String statistics

Strings percent Hosted strings Words percent Hosted words Characters percent Hosted characters
Total 531,970 4,580,925 30,088,745
Approved 1% 1,270 1% 5,060 1% 30,832
Waiting for review 45% 239,766 24% 1,140,646 24% 7,224,825
Translated 46% 245,881 25% 1,158,197 24% 7,388,343
Needs editing 7% 40,165 3% 174,994 3% 1,171,890
Read-only 1% 4,845 1% 12,491 1% 132,686
Failing checks 4% 23,626 2% 126,287 2% 851,198
Strings with suggestions 1% 8,183 1% 40,499 1% 277,731
Untranslated strings 46% 245,924 70% 3,247,734 71% 21,528,512
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User avatar None

Resource updated
Parsing of the “po/sk.po” file was enforced. 28 minutes ago
User avatar None

Resource updated
Parsing of the “po/sk.po” file was enforced. 28 minutes ago
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The “guides/en-US” file was changed. an hour ago
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<!-- K: shelter, clothing, insulate, warm, heat, sleep -->
<!-- S: Layer clothing and build a shelter. -->

This chapter covers how to dress appropriately for the environment and build shelters to protect yourself from the elements.

## Be prepared
<!-- K: prepare, gear, knowledge, skill, emergency-space-blanket, space-blanket, blanket, poncho, socks, boots, shoes, sunglasses, cordage, sewing, needle, thread, jacket, pants, hat, gloves, hand-warmer, bag, pad, tent, tarp, hat, bandana, pillow, gloves, net, gaiters, hammock, tape -->
<!-- S: Bring an emergency space blanket, cordage, and proper clothing. Be sure to plan for nighttime temperatures and bad weather. Learn how to dress in layers and increase insulation. -->

### Gear

**Necessities**:
- Emergency space blanket
- Poncho
- Change of clothing
- Extra socks
- Boots or sturdy shoes
- Sunglasses
- Cordage (paracord)
- Sewing kit (needle and thread)
- In colder climates:
- Insulating layers (jacket, pants, hat, gloves)
- Waterproof outer layer
- Waterproof/insulated boots
- Thermal underlayers
- Hand warmers
- For overnight stays:
- Sleeping bag
- Sleeping pad
- Tent
- Tarp

**Optional**:
- Additional changes of clothing
- Hat or bandana
- Pillow
- Gloves
- Bug net
- Gaiters
- Hammock
- Duct tape

### Knowledge and skills

Start by learning how to do the following:
- Choose clothing appropriate for your environment.
- Use an emergency space blanket.
- Get warm quickly.
- Layer clothing for warmth.
- Set up a tent and sleeping bag.
- Identify environmental hazards when selecting a shelter location.
- Tie several types of knots.

Once you have mastered these skills, you should learn how to do the following:
- Construct a natural shelter.
- Repair clothing.

## Clothing
<!-- K: wear, dress, wool, polyester, nylon, down, cotton, layer, material, garment, socks, pants, shirt, jacket, fleece, vest, underwear, undergarments, windbreaker, rain, hat, sunglasses, glasses, scarf, bandana, footwear, shoes, boots -->
<!-- S: Dress in layers and choose clothing made from wool, polyester, or nylon. Only wear shoes that you have worn in. -->

Your first line of defense in any environment is your clothing. Proper attire should keep you dry, regulate your body temperature, protect you from the sun, and prevent insect bites.

### Materials
When choosing clothing, consider the following materials:
- Wool: Retains warmth even when wet.
- Polyester/nylon: Quick drying and moisture-wicking.
- Down: Lightweight and insulating but loses warmth when wet.
- Cotton: Retains moisture and loses warmth when wet. Do not wear cotton in cold or wet environments.

### Layers
You should plan to wear multiple layers of clothing to protect against the elements. Layering allows you to adjust your clothing to changing conditions and maintain body temperature.

In cold environments, remove or add layers to prevent sweating while staying warm.

In warm environments, you may only need to wear a base layer. But you should always pack rain gear, such as an emergency poncho, in case of sudden weather changes.

If you need extra insulation in a pinch, stuff your clothing with dry leaves, grass, or other insulating materials.

- **Base layer**: Wicks moisture away from the skin. This layer should be tight-fitting.
- Undergarments
- Socks
- Pants
- Shirt
- **Middle layer**: Insulates and retains heat. This layer should be loose-fitting.
- Sweater
- Fleece jacket
- Insulated pants
- Vest
- **Outer layer**: Protects against wind, rain, and snow. This layer should be loose-fitting.
- Rain gear
- Windbreaker
- **Accessories**: Protect against sun, wind, cold, and insects.
- Hat
- Sunglasses
- Gloves
- Scarf or bandana

### Footwear
Be sure to choose footwear that is appropriate for your environment. In cold climates, wear insulated, waterproof boots. In hot climates, wear breathable, lightweight shoes. Always break in new footwear before a trip to avoid blisters.

If you plan to be hiking in wet conditions, consider wearing waterproof boots.

Bring extra socks, preferably made from wool, and ensure they are taller than your boots to avoid blisters.

## Shelters
<!-- K: build, location, lean-to, a-frame, cave, emergency-space-blanket, space-blanket, blanket, tent, hammock, ground, wall, sleep, bag, pad, airflow -->
<!-- S: Construct a shelter using natural materials or a tarp. Insulate the shelter with leaves, straw, or clothing. -->

### Choosing a shelter location

When selecting a site for your shelter, consider the following:
- Proximity to building materials.
- Proximity to water and food sources.
- Protection from the elements.
- Free of dead trees and branches that could fall.
- Free of threat from avalanches, rock slides, or flooding.
- Free of insects, poisonous plants, or dangerous animals.
- Suitable for signaling for help if needed.
- Avoid staying above the treeline in mountainous regions, as you will be exposed to the elements.

### Gathering materials
Prefer wood and debris that are already on the ground and require minimal effort to use. Avoid logs that are too thick to break by hand.

### Shelter types

You can construct various shelters using tarps, ponchos, or natural elements. Here are some common types:

**Lean-to**

A simple shelter made by leaning a large sheet of material against a support like a tree or a ridgepole. It protects from wind and rain.

1. Lash a ridgepole to two trees or supports. If you are using a tarp or poncho, this can be a cord.
2. Lay a tarp or poncho over the ridgepole, allowing one side to touch the ground. If using natural materials, lay branches and leaves over the ridgepole.
3. Secure the sides with stakes or rocks.

![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/shelter_tarp.webp)

If you're constructing a ridgeline with cordage, form a bowline at one end, wrap the cordage around a tree, and pass the free end through the bowline's loop. Secure the other end to a second tree using either a taut-line hitch or a trucker's hitch, then tighten it. To attach a tarp, pull a small section of the ridgeline through the grommets and insert a stick through the resulting loop to hold it in place.

**A-frame**

A more enclosed shelter that provides better protection from the elements.

1. Lash two sticks together into an A-shape. You can also use a fork in a tree or stick, a stump, or a large rock as a support.
2. Place one end of the ridgepole on top of the A-frame (or fork/stump/rock) and the other end on the ground.
3. Lay a tarp or poncho over the ridgepole, securing the sides with stakes or rocks. If using natural materials, lay branches over the ridgepole angled slightly upward, then add leaves or other debris from the bottom up.

![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/shelter_debris_hut.webp)

**Caves**

Natural shelters that offer protection from the elements. Use caution when entering caves; they can be home to animals or have poor ventilation. Avoid lighting a fire if possible since smoke can accumulate.

**Emergency space blankets**

Wrap yourself in an emergency space blanket to reflect body heat and protect against the elements. You can also use it to create a shelter by tying it between two trees or supports.

**Tents**

If you have a tent, set it up according to the manufacturer's instructions. Ensure the tent is staked securely and the rainfly is in place. Most tents can be set up by inserting poles into sleeves or clips and securing the tent to the ground with stakes.

**Hammocks**

If you have a hammock, set it up between two trees or supports. Ensure the hammock is secure and the rainfly is in place. Be sure the trees or supports are strong enough to hold your weight.

### Insulation

You can place insulating materials like leaves, straw, or clothing between you and the shelter walls to retain body heat. This barrier prevents heat loss and keeps you warm. If you have a sleeping bag or extra clothing, use them.

Use materials like leaves, straw, or clothing to insulate yourself from the ground. These materials create a barrier between you and the cold ground, preventing heat loss. If you have a sleeping pad, place it under your sleeping bag for additional insulation.

### Tips

- Use materials like leaves, straw, or clothing to insulate the ground and walls of your shelter.
- Keep the shelter compact to retain heat but large enough to lie comfortably.
- Position the shelter to protect against prevailing winds and to maximize the warming effects of the sun.
- Fill gaps in the shelter with leaves, grass, mud, or other insulating materials.
- Ensure adequate airflow to manage condensation and smoke.

## Repair
<!-- K: repair, sewing, stitch, back-stitch, running-stitch, whip-stitch, duct-tape, tape, pin, safety-pin, glue, cordage -->
<!-- S: Use a sewing kit, duct tape, safety pins, glue, or cordage to repair tears or holes in clothing or gear. -->

### Sewing

**Back stitch**

Used for seams that require strength, such as on backpacks or tents.

![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/back_stitch.webp)

**Running stitch**

Used for quick repairs on clothing or gear in places where strength is not critical.

![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/running_stitch.webp)

**Whip stitch**

Used to repair tears or holes in fabric. It can also be used to connect two pieces of fabric.

![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/whip_stitch.webp)

### Tarps

If your tarp's grommet breaks, you can still attach it to a rope by creating a button. A button is formed by wrapping a small rock in the tarp and securing your cordage around that using a clove hitch or jam knot.

If your tarp has a hole, you can repair it using duct tape or by sewing it shut.

### Other methods
If you do not have a sewing kit, you can use duct tape, safety pins, super glue, or cordage as temporary fixes.

## Knots
<!-- K: knot, tie, cordage, cord, rope, paracord, overhand, square, bowline, sheet-bend, bight, hitch, lash -->
<!-- S: Learn several knots to make the most of your cordage. -->

### Overhand knot
Used to prevent the end of a rope from untwisting. This is hard to undo but very easy to tie.

![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/knot_overhand.webp)

### Double sheet bend
Used for tying two lines together.

![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/125.webp)

### Bowline
Used to create a loop at the end of a line. You can pass a line around a tree and through the bowline loop to secure the end of a line to the tree.

You can use a bowline to attach a line to a grommet on a tarp.

![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/126.webp)

### Jam Knot
Used to fasten a rope to a timber or pole. This can be used in place of lashings. It can be loosened by pulling on the knot on the end. It is hard to untie this knot.

![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/jam_knot.webp)

### Clove hitch
Used to fasten a rope to a timber or pole. It can be tied at any point in a rope.

![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/133.webp)

### Trucker's hitch
Used to secure a load or tighten a line.

![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/truckers_hitch.webp)

### Square lashing
Used to secure one pole at a right angle to another pole. You can swap with the diagonal lashing if desired.

![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/136.webp)

### Shear lashing
Used for lashing two or more poles next to each other. It can be used to construct a tripod.

![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/138.webp)

## Craft: Cordage
<!-- K: cordage, rope, twine, fiber, twist, cord, strand, paracord, craft -->
<!-- S: You can make cordage from grasses and sedges. -->

Cordage can be made by twisting fibers together. It is weaker than rope but can be used for sewing, fishing line, or light-duty cordage.

**Resources**

Any fibrous material can be used to make cordage. Some examples include:
- Grasses and sedges (sedges are stronger)
- Bark or palm fiber

**Instructions**
1. Gather the fibers into a loose bundle.
2. Hold the bundle near the center and twist one side clockwise until a kink forms.
3. Fold the bundle in half at the kink.
4. Twist the top half clockwise.
5. Twist the two halves together counterclockwise.
6. Repeat the process until you have a full strand. If material is running out, add more material and twist it in.

![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/139.webp)

## Craft: Tent stakes
<!-- K: tent, stake, peg, craft -->
<!-- S: You can make tent stakes from sticks. -->

**Resources**

- A short stick
- A knife
- Something to use as a hammer, such as a rock or thick stick

**Instructions**

1. Sharpen one end of a stake to a point.
2. Hammer the stake into the ground at a slight angle, leaning away from your shelter.
3. Secure a line to your tent or tarp with a bowline.
4. Secure the other end of the line to the stake with a jam knot, clove hitch, or taut-line hitch.
 
an hour ago
User avatar Vano63180e936eff45be

Translation changed
The video platform may not be supported or you may be being blocked by the platform. If you have an active VPN connection that might be the cause, or you can try importing your browser's cookies through a cookies.txt file.
Vaša video platforma nemusí byť podporovaná, alebo vásm môže byť prístup na platformu zablokovaťný. Aktívne používate VPN, môže to byť príčinou problému, pretože niektoré platformy blokujú pripojeniea cez VPN. Skúste VPN vypnúť a zistiť, či sa problém vyrieši. Ďalším možným dôvodom môžeu byť príčinou problému. Mchýbajúce alebo nesprávne cookies, ktoré niektoré webové stránky vyžadujú na autentifikáciu a prístup k obsahu. V takom prípade môžete skúsiť načítimportovať cookies zo svojho prehliadača prostredníctvomomocou súboru cookies.txt.
an hour ago
User avatar None

Resource updated
The “guides/en-US” file was changed. an hour ago
User avatar None

String updated in the repository
<!-- K: shelter, clothing, insulate, warm, heat, sleep -->
<!-- S: Layer clothing and build a shelter. -->

This chapter covers how to dress appropriately for the environment and build shelters to protect yourself from the elements.

## Be prepared
<!-- K: prepare, gear, knowledge, skill, emergency-space-blanket, space-blanket, blanket, poncho, socks, boots, shoes, sunglasses, cordage, sewing, needle, thread, jacket, pants, hat, gloves, hand-warmer, bag, pad, tent, tarp, hat, bandana, pillow, gloves, net, gaiters, hammock, tape -->
<!-- S: Bring an emergency space blanket, cordage, and proper clothing. Be sure to plan for nighttime temperatures and bad weather. Learn how to dress in layers and increase insulation. -->

### Gear

**Necessities**:
- Emergency space blanket
- Poncho
- Change of clothing
- Extra socks
- Boots or sturdy shoes
- Sunglasses
- Cordage (paracord)
- Sewing kit (needle and thread)
- In colder climates:
- Insulating layers (jacket, pants, hat, gloves)
- Waterproof outer layer
- Waterproof/insulated boots
- Thermal underlayers
- Hand warmers
- For overnight stays:
- Sleeping bag
- Sleeping pad
- Tent
- Tarp

**Optional**:
- Additional changes of clothing
- Hat or bandana
- Pillow
- Gloves
- Bug net
- Gaiters
- Hammock
- Duct tape

### Knowledge and skills

Start by learning how to do the following:
- Choose clothing appropriate for your environment.
- Use an emergency space blanket.
- Get warm quickly.
- Layer clothing for warmth.
- Set up a tent and sleeping bag.
- Identify environmental hazards when selecting a shelter location.
- Tie several types of knots.

Once you have mastered these skills, you should learn how to do the following:
- Construct a natural shelter.
- Repair clothing.

## Clothing
<!-- K: wear, dress, wool, polyester, nylon, down, cotton, layer, material, garment, socks, pants, shirt, jacket, fleece, vest, underwear, undergarments, windbreaker, rain, hat, sunglasses, glasses, scarf, bandana, footwear, shoes, boots -->
<!-- S: Dress in layers and choose clothing made from wool, polyester, or nylon. Only wear shoes that you have worn in. -->

Your first line of defense in any environment is your clothing. Proper attire should keep you dry, regulate your body temperature, protect you from the sun, and prevent insect bites.

### Materials
When choosing clothing, consider the following materials:
- Wool: Retains warmth even when wet.
- Polyester/nylon: Quick drying and moisture-wicking.
- Down: Lightweight and insulating but loses warmth when wet.
- Cotton: Retains moisture and loses warmth when wet. Do not wear cotton in cold or wet environments.

### Layers
You should plan to wear multiple layers of clothing to protect against the elements. Layering allows you to adjust your clothing to changing conditions and maintain body temperature.

In cold environments, remove or add layers to prevent sweating while staying warm.

In warm environments, you may only need to wear a base layer. But you should always pack rain gear, such as an emergency poncho, in case of sudden weather changes.

If you need extra insulation in a pinch, stuff your clothing with dry leaves, grass, or other insulating materials.

- **Base layer**: Wicks moisture away from the skin. This layer should be tight-fitting.
- Undergarments
- Socks
- Pants
- Shirt
- **Middle layer**: Insulates and retains heat. This layer should be loose-fitting.
- Sweater
- Fleece jacket
- Insulated pants
- Vest
- **Outer layer**: Protects against wind, rain, and snow. This layer should be loose-fitting.
- Rain gear
- Windbreaker
- **Accessories**: Protect against sun, wind, cold, and insects.
- Hat
- Sunglasses
- Gloves
- Scarf or bandana

### Footwear
Be sure to choose footwear that is appropriate for your environment. In cold climates, wear insulated, waterproof boots. In hot climates, wear breathable, lightweight shoes. Always break in new footwear before a trip to avoid blisters.

If you plan to be hiking in wet conditions, consider wearing waterproof boots.

Bring extra socks, preferably made from wool, and ensure they are taller than your boots to avoid blisters.

## Shelters
<!-- K: build, location, lean-to, a-frame, cave, emergency-space-blanket, space-blanket, blanket, tent, hammock, ground, wall, sleep, bag, pad, airflow -->
<!-- S: Construct a shelter using natural materials or a tarp. Insulate the shelter with leaves, straw, or clothing. -->

### Choosing a shelter location

When selecting a site for your shelter, consider the following:
- Proximity to building materials.
- Proximity to water and food sources.
- Protection from the elements.
- Free of dead trees and branches that could fall.
- Free of threat from avalanches, rock slides, or flooding.
- Free of insects, poisonous plants, or dangerous animals.
- Suitable for signaling for help if needed.
- Avoid staying above the treeline in mountainous regions, as you will be exposed to the elements.

### Gathering materials
Prefer wood and debris that are already on the ground and require minimal effort to use. Avoid logs that are too thick to break by hand.

### Shelter types

You can construct various shelters using tarps, ponchos, or natural elements. Here are some common types:

**Lean-to**

A simple shelter made by leaning a large sheet of material against a support like a tree or a ridgepole. It protects from wind and rain.

1. Lash a ridgepole to two trees or supports. If you are using a tarp or poncho, this can be a cord.
2. Lay a tarp or poncho over the ridgepole, allowing one side to touch the ground. If using natural materials, lay branches and leaves over the ridgepole.
3. Secure the sides with stakes or rocks.

![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/shelter_tarp.webp)

If you're constructing a ridgeline with cordage, form a bowline at one end, wrap the cordage around a tree, and pass the free end through the bowline's loop. Secure the other end to a second tree using either a taut-line hitch or a trucker's hitch, then tighten it. To attach a tarp, pull a small section of the ridgeline through the grommets and insert a stick through the resulting loop to hold it in place.

**A-frame**

A more enclosed shelter that provides better protection from the elements.

1. Lash two sticks together into an A shape. You can also use a forked stick, a stump, or a large rock as a support.
2. Place the ridgepole across the top of the A.
3. Lay a tarp or poncho over the ridgepole, securing the sides with stakes or rocks. If using natural materials, lay branches and leaves over the ridgepole.

![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/shelter_debris_hut.webp)

**Caves**

Natural shelters that offer protection from the elements. Use caution when entering caves; they can be home to animals or have poor ventilation. Avoid lighting a fire if possible since smoke can accumulate.

**Emergency space blankets**

Wrap yourself in an emergency space blanket to reflect body heat and protect against the elements. You can also use it to create a shelter by tying it between two trees or supports.

**Tents**

If you have a tent, set it up according to the manufacturer's instructions. Ensure the tent is staked securely and the rainfly is in place. Most tents can be set up by inserting poles into sleeves or clips and securing the tent to the ground with stakes.

**Hammocks**

If you have a hammock, set it up between two trees or supports. Ensure the hammock is secure and the rainfly is in place. Be sure the trees or supports are strong enough to hold your weight.

### Insulation

You can place insulating materials like leaves, straw, or clothing between you and the shelter walls to retain body heat. This barrier prevents heat loss and keeps you warm. If you have a sleeping bag or extra clothing, use them.

Use materials like leaves, straw, or clothing to insulate yourself from the ground. These materials create a barrier between you and the cold ground, preventing heat loss. If you have a sleeping pad, place it under your sleeping bag for additional insulation.

### Tips

- Use materials like leaves, straw, or clothing to insulate the ground and walls of your shelter.
- Keep the shelter compact to retain heat but large enough to lie comfortably.
- Position the shelter to protect against prevailing winds and to maximize the warming effects of the sun.
- Fill gaps in the shelter with leaves, grass, mud, or other insulating materials.
- Ensure adequate airflow to manage condensation and smoke.

## Repair
<!-- K: repair, sewing, stitch, back-stitch, running-stitch, whip-stitch, duct-tape, tape, pin, safety-pin, glue, cordage -->
<!-- S: Use a sewing kit, duct tape, safety pins, glue, or cordage to repair tears or holes in clothing or gear. -->

### Sewing

**Back stitch**

Used for seams that require strength, such as on backpacks or tents.

![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/back_stitch.webp)

**Running stitch**

Used for quick repairs on clothing or gear in places where strength is not critical.

![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/running_stitch.webp)

**Whip stitch**

Used to repair tears or holes in fabric. It can also be used to connect two pieces of fabric.

![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/whip_stitch.webp)

### Tarps

If your tarp's grommet breaks, you can still attach it to a rope by creating a button. A button is formed by wrapping a small rock in the tarp and securing your cordage around that using a clove hitch or jam knot.

If your tarp has a hole, you can repair it using duct tape or by sewing it shut.

### Other methods
If you do not have a sewing kit, you can use duct tape, safety pins, super glue, or cordage as temporary fixes.

## Knots
<!-- K: knot, tie, cordage, cord, rope, paracord, overhand, square, bowline, sheet-bend, bight, hitch, lash -->
<!-- S: Learn several knots to make the most of your cordage. -->

### Overhand knot
Used to prevent the end of a rope from untwisting. This is hard to undo but very easy to tie.

![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/knot_overhand.webp)

### Double sheet bend
Used for tying two lines together.

![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/125.webp)

### Bowline
Used to create a loop at the end of a line. You can pass a line around a tree and through the bowline loop to secure the end of a line to the tree.

You can use a bowline to attach a line to a grommet on a tarp.

![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/126.webp)

### Jam Knot
Used to fasten a rope to a timber or pole. This can be used in place of lashings. It can be loosened by pulling on the knot on the end. It is hard to untie this knot.

![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/jam_knot.webp)

### Clove hitch
Used to fasten a rope to a timber or pole. It can be tied at any point in a rope.

![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/133.webp)

### Trucker's hitch
Used to secure a load or tighten a line.

![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/truckers_hitch.webp)

### Square lashing
Used to secure one pole at a right angle to another pole. You can swap with the diagonal lashing if desired.

![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/136.webp)

### Shear lashing
Used for lashing two or more poles next to each other. It can be used to construct a tripod.

![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/138.webp)

## Craft: Cordage
<!-- K: cordage, rope, twine, fiber, twist, cord, strand, paracord, craft -->
<!-- S: You can make cordage from grasses and sedges. -->

Cordage can be made by twisting fibers together. It is weaker than rope but can be used for sewing, fishing line, or light-duty cordage.

**Resources**

Any fibrous material can be used to make cordage. Some examples include:
- Grasses and sedges (sedges are stronger)
- Bark or palm fiber

**Instructions**
1. Gather the fibers into a loose bundle.
2. Hold the bundle near the center and twist one side clockwise until a kink forms.
3. Fold the bundle in half at the kink.
4. Twist the top half clockwise.
5. Twist the two halves together counterclockwise.
6. Repeat the process until you have a full strand. If material is running out, add more material and twist it in.

![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/139.webp)

## Craft: Tent stakes
<!-- K: tent, stake, peg, craft -->
<!-- S: You can make tent stakes from sticks. -->

**Resources**

- A short stick
- A knife
- Something to use as a hammer, such as a rock or thick stick

**Instructions**

1. Sharpen one end of a stake to a point.
2. Hammer the stake into the ground at a slight angle, leaning away from your shelter.
3. Secure a line to your tent or tarp with a bowline.
4. Secure the other end of the line to the stake with a jam knot, clove hitch, or taut-line hitch.
 
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What to do if Tor Browser is not working
Čo robiť ak je sieť Tor zablkovaná
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### How HTTPS encryption and Tor works in Tor Browser to enhance your privacy and anonymity
Dozviete sa, čo môže prehliadač Tor urobiť, aby ochránil vaše súkromie a anonymitu
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